Manufacture of hoes.



No. 682,833. Patented Sept. I7, |901. J. PERKS & W. C. SALMUN.

MANUFACTURE 0F HOES.

(Application man my 14 1899.) 2 sham-sheet l.

(N0 Model.) l i y 0 7g i 1 a Q/97ml No. 682,833. Patented Sept. I7,|90I. J. PERKS & W. C. SALMON. MANUFAcTuRE 0F HUES.

TN: Ancmms sss co., PHoYauTHo.. WASHINGTON, D. c.

Unire'v rares nreNfr Fries.

'l JOHN PERKS AND VILLIAM CHARLES SALMON, OF lVOLVERI-IAMPTON,

ENGLAND, ASSIGNORS TO JOHN PERKS AND SONS, .OF SAlyIEPLAOE.

MANUFACTURE OF HOES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 682,883, datedSeptember 17', 1901.

Application led July 14,1899. Serial No.l 723,751. (No model.)

. in the Manufacture of Hoes, of which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to the lighter description of hoes, and has forits object the production ofl hoes in which lightness and strength ,arecombined in a more satisfactory manner than heretofore and an improvedmethod of manufacture whereby the cost is greatly reduced compared withthe cost of manufacturing light hoes in any ordinary manner.

The hoes are each constituted entirely of sheet metal, with the eyeformed solid with the blade, and in order that the eye may bestrengthened it is preferred that the metal of the outer edge thereofshall be curled over, forming what is commonly known as a wired7 edge.

According to the improved method of manufacture, which is the importantfeature of the invention, the blanks to form the hoes are first cut tothe required size from sheet iron or steel. In the formation of the eyesa portion of the metal of each blank is first drawn down while cold fora portion of the required depth of the eye in a drawing-press by meansof tools which comprise a pressure-plate, between which and the lowertool the flat metal is drawn as it passes toward the opening of thelower tool. rlhe eyes thus partially'formed are afterward completed bymeans of tools which draw down the metal to the required depth and formthe eyes to the required diameter and which comprise tools which punchout metal from the closed ends of the sockets which are first found inthe production of the eyes. It is preferred also to strengthen the frontend of each eye by curling over the edge of the metal.

In the drawings which serve to illustrate this invention, Figure 1represents in vert-ical section the iirst set of tools by which a blankis operated upon to producea hoe-eye, the blank being shown in positionpreviously to the operation of the plunger thereon. Fig.

2 is a plan of the bottom tool shown by Fig.

l, the outline of the blank when in place upon such tool being indicatedby broken lines. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the middle ofthe blank after it has been operated upon by the first set of tools.Fig. 4 is a corresponding view to Fig. 1, but illustrates the second setof tools. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through the middle of theblank after the same has been operated upon by the second set of tools.Fig. 6 is a View also correspending Lto Fig. l, but illustrates thethird set of tools. 7 is a longitudinal section through the middle ofthe blank after the same has been operated upon by the third set oftools. Fig. 8 is a corresponding View also to Fig. l, but illustratesthe fourth set, of tools. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section through themiddle of the blank after the same has been operated upon by the fourthset of tools. Fig. 10 is a vertical section through the center of thetools used for curling theedgehof the eye formed by the previous sets oftools.

Fig. l1 is a vertical section through the center of the tools shown byFig. 10, but taken at right angles to such figure. Fig. 12- is alongitudinal section through the blank after the edge of the eye formedthereon has been curled by the tools shown by Figs. 10 and 11. Fig. l3isa View corresponding to Fig. 4., showing a pair of tools which maybeused in lieu of the set of tools shown by Fig. 4; and Fig. 1'4. is aview corresponding to Fig. 6, showing a pair of tools which may be usedin lieu of the set of tools shown by Fig. 6.

Of the first set of tools, (shown by Figs. 1 and 2,) A is the bottom orbed tool, having an opening ct formed therethrough, into which the metalfor the formation of the eye of the hoe is pressed. B is a pressureplate or block which presses directly down upon the blank C, and D is aplunger which passes through the tool B and carries a portion of themetal of the blank down into the opening ct of the bottom tool. Aclose-ended socket c, Fig. 3, is thus produced by the operation of thesetools. The socket is readily pushed up out of the bottom tool A'afterthe plunger D and pressure-plate B have been raised by any suitableknock-up device, such as a vertical rod operated by a treadle, which isemployed for pushing up similar articles IOO from the bottom tool of adrawing-press. ef are gages to facilitate placing the blank C in properposition upon the bottom tool. These gages are of a usual character,consisting of pins which can yield downward under the pressure of thetool B against the pressure of springs.

Of the tools shown by Fig. 4, A' is the bottom tool, B' the pressureplate or block, and D' the plunger. The tool B' is formed with a portionb, which is just an easy fit within the socket c of the blank which hasbeen formed by the previous tools. The blank is first placed with itssocket around the part h of the tool B', and then the tool B' is broughtdown to press the bottom of the socket between itself and the upper faceof the tool A', and the plunger D' then carries down the metal of thesocket c into the opening a' of the tool A', forming a socket c', Fig.5, of a less diameter and correspondingly deeper than the socket c. Theblank C in t-he form shown by Fig. 5 is next transferred to the toolsshown by Fig. 6, which correspond in all particulars with the toolsshown by Fig. et, except that the part b' of the pressure plate or blockB2 is of a diameter to fit just easily within the socket c' of the blankC, and the opening 0.2 of the bottom tool A2 and the plunger D2 are of asmaller diameter than the opening a' and plunger D', respectively. Thetools shown by Fig. 6 form the socket c' of the blank into a socket c2,Fig. 7, which is smaller in diameter and correspondingly deeper than thesocket c'. The blank C in the form shown by Fig. 7 is next transferredto the tools shown by Fig. 8. Of these tools the lower tool A3 is formedwith an annular portion a4, which is slightly tapered and projectsupward around its central axis and is of a diameter at its lower endwhich allows the socket c2 to be just passed down thereover wheninverted, and the upper tool B3 is formed with a central opening whichwill just receive the socket c2, and in the inner end of this opening isformed a punch b2. The blank C is first placed with its socket c2 overthe annular projection a4 of the bottom tool, and the upper tool B3 isthen brought down. The punch b2 punches out a wad of metal from the endof the socket c2 into the opening a3 of the bottom tool A3, and thefurther descent of the tool B3 causes it to press upon the Hat surfaceof the blank C and to carry such blank down onto the upper face of thetool A3, with the result that the metal at the end of the socket c2,which immediately surrounds the opening left by cutting out the wad ofmetal, is drawn down over the upper corner of the projection a4 of thetool A3 onto the straight portion of such projection, thus forming thesocket c2 into an open-ended socket or eye c3, as shown by Fig. 9. Theprojection a4 of the tool A3 is of course made to the height which willallow of the metal being carried down in the manner described after thewad of metal has been punched out from the inner end of the socket bythe punch b2. The socket c3 as formed by these tools is somewhattapered, as shown. If it is desired to curl the outer edge of the socketor eye c3, the blank C in the form shown by Fig. 9 is next transferredto the tools shown by Figs. 10 and ll. Of these tools, Eis the bottom orbed tool, and e2 a stud which projects upward therefrom vfor a portionof the height of the socket or eye c3 and is of a diameter to t justeasily within the inner end of the socket, the inner end being nowconsidered as the end which joins into the other portion of the blankand not, as previously, the end which is more remote therefrom. Theblank C is placed flat down upon the tool E with its socket or eye c3around the stud e2, the upper portion of the socket or eye standing asfar above the top of the stud as may be required to allow of themovement ofthe curling-tool G.

F F are a pair of closing-tools, which may be brought together aroundthe lower portion of the eye c3. These tools are carried in dovetailguidesf'f' of a carrier H. The curlingtool G is formed at its lower endwith a part g, which just enters within the top of the eye c3, and issurrounded with a groove g', which as the tool G descends causes theedge of the eye o3 to curl over outward until it finishes the outer endof the eye in the manner shown by Fig. 12. Clearance is left in thetools F F immediately above the portions thereof which t around thesocket c3 to allow of the formation of the curl d. The tools F F areformed with inclined outer faces e', and corresponding faces are formedin the tool E. The tools F F are brought together around the eye c3 bytheir inclined faces sliding against the corresponding faces of the toolE as the carrier H is brought into its downward position. Each tool F isformed with a pair of outwardly projecting arms h, between which ismounted a friction-roller d', and as the carrier H rises the rollers d'of the tools F run up the outer faces of curved fixed guides k, with theresult that the tools F are drawn outward from one another sufficientlyto clear the curled edge d of the eye c3 and allow the hoe C to beremoved from the tools. The tools F during the earlier part of theirrise bear under the curled edge d and lift the eye ci from the stud e2.

In lieu of drawing down the socket c shown by Fig. 3) into the form ofthe socket c' shown by Fig. 5) by means of the tools shown by Fig. 4 theblank C in the form shown by Fig. 3 may be placed with the bottom of itssocket in the shallow recess Z of the lower tool A4 (shown by Fig. 13)and be operated upon by the plunger D3, a pressure plate or block beingdispensed with, and the blank in the form in which it leaves the toolsshown by Fig. 13 may be next operated upon by the tools shown by Fig.14:. These tools consist simply of the bottom tool A5 and plunger D4,and the socket c' is drawn by them into the socket c2. (Shown by Fig. Inthis case, also, a pressure plate IOO IIO

K or block is dispensed with. After leaving the tools shown by Fig. 14the blank is operated upon by the tools shown by Fig. 8, and if it isrequired to curl over the edge of the socket or eye this is performed bythe tools shown by Figs. 10 and 1l in the manner already explained. Theadvantage inv substituting the tools shown by Figs. 13 and I4 for thetools shown by Figs. 4 and 6, respectively,is that a simpler form ofpress may be used, as will be obvious, and that the tools lthemselvesare simpler and cheaper in construction.

The hoe-blades are trimmed as required and are set to the desired dishor shape in anyordinary or convenient manner, such as by means of thetools usually employed forthe purpose, which also take out any Wrinklesor irregularities which may be left by the operation of the previoustools.

The hoes may be made in the manner of this invention from iron or steelsheet metal which is thicker than the intended blades if an extrastrength of eye is required, in which case the finished thickness of theblades may be produced in any ordinary or convenient manner.

Hoes formed in the manner of this invention while very light are also ofconsiderable strength and constitute in themselves a very importantfeature of the invention.

Having thus described our invention, we claim- 1. The herein-describedimprovement in the art of forming hoes'from sheet metal with integraleyes which consists in rst forming in the blank a close-ended socketwhich is shallower and of larger diameter than the intended eye whilethe metal around the gradually-forming socket is pressed at both facesyto prevent it buckling, then drawing down the metal of said socket whilestill close-ended untilthe socket is of lesser diameter and greaterdepth, until the required diameter and depth are reached, and thencutting away the bottom of said socket to open the eve. v i

2. The herein-described improvement in the art of` forming hoes fromsheet metal with integral eyes, which consists in first forming in theblank a socket which is shallower and of larger diameter than theintended eye, then,

